20 MCQs on Psychoanalytic and Humanistic-Existential Orientation with Answers & Explanations
Enhance your understanding of Psychoanalytic and Humanistic-Existential Orientation with 20 expertly crafted MCQs. Each question includes answers and explanations to help you grasp key concepts in psychology.
1. Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Carl Jung
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Alfred Adler
D) Abraham Maslow
Answer: B) Sigmund Freud
Explanation: Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis, which emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences in shaping personality.
2. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Ego
B) Superego
C) Id
D) Conscious mind
Answer: C) Id
Explanation: The Id is the primitive part of the mind that seeks immediate gratification of desires and operates on the pleasure principle.
3. What is the primary focus of Humanistic psychology?
A) Unconscious conflicts
B) Free will and self-actualization
C) Cognitive development
D) Classical conditioning
Answer: B) Free will and self-actualization
Explanation: Humanistic psychology, pioneered by Maslow and Rogers, emphasizes personal growth, free will, and self-actualization.
4. Who proposed the Hierarchy of Needs?
A) Carl Jung
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Viktor Frankl
Answer: C) Abraham Maslow
Explanation: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a motivational theory in psychology that ranks human needs from basic survival to self-actualization.
5. Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism?
A) Repression
B) Self-actualization
C) Projection
D) Sublimation
Answer: B) Self-actualization
Explanation: Self-actualization is a concept in humanistic psychology, not a defense mechanism, which are unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety.
6. According to Carl Rogers, what is necessary for personal growth?
A) Conditional acceptance
B) Unconditional positive regard
C) Unconscious desires
D) Defense mechanisms
Answer: B) Unconditional positive regard
Explanation: Rogers emphasized the importance of accepting individuals without judgment for their psychological well-being.
7. What is the primary goal of existential therapy?
A) Resolving unconscious conflicts
B) Helping individuals find meaning in life
C) Reinforcing conditioned behaviors
D) Analyzing early childhood experiences
Answer: B) Helping individuals find meaning in life
Explanation: Existential therapy focuses on self-awareness, personal responsibility, and finding meaning in life.
8. Who introduced the concept of the "collective unconscious"?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Jung
C) Carl Rogers
D) Viktor Frankl
Answer: B) Carl Jung
Explanation: Jung proposed the idea of the collective unconscious, which includes universal archetypes shared by all humans.
9. Which of the following is an example of a defense mechanism?
A) Self-actualization
B) Projection
C) Growth mindset
D) Cognitive dissonance
Answer: B) Projection
Explanation: Projection is a defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own undesirable thoughts or emotions to others.
10. Viktor Frankl’s Logotherapy is based on which fundamental principle?
A) Seeking pleasure above all
B) The pursuit of meaning in life
C) The power of the unconscious mind
D) The need for self-actualization
Answer: B) The pursuit of meaning in life
Explanation: Logotherapy, developed by Viktor Frankl, is based on the idea that finding meaning in life is the primary motivational force.
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Humanistic psychology?
A) Focus on free will
B) Emphasis on self-actualization
C) Exploration of unconscious conflicts
D) Importance of personal responsibility
Answer: C) Exploration of unconscious conflicts
Explanation: Humanistic psychology focuses on conscious experiences and personal growth rather than unconscious conflicts.
12. In Freud’s theory, what mediates between the id and superego?
A) Unconscious mind
B) Ego
C) Defense mechanisms
D) Archetypes
Answer: B) Ego
Explanation: The ego operates on the reality principle and balances the id’s desires and the superego’s moral constraints.
13. According to Carl Jung, what is an "archetype"?
A) A learned behavior
B) A universal symbol or pattern in the collective unconscious
C) A childhood trauma
D) A type of dream
Answer: B) A universal symbol or pattern in the collective unconscious
Explanation: Archetypes are inherited symbols and themes found in myths, dreams, and cultural narratives.
14. Maslow’s hierarchy classifies esteem needs as including:
A) Physiological needs
B) Love and belonging
C) Self-respect and recognition
D) Self-actualization
Answer: C) Self-respect and recognition
Explanation: Esteem needs include self-worth, accomplishment, and recognition from others.
15. What term did Carl Rogers use to describe a psychologically healthy person?
A) Self-actualized individual
B) Fully functioning person
C) Individuated self
D) Archetypal self
Answer: B) Fully functioning person
Explanation: A fully functioning person is open to experience, lives in the present, and has a high level of self-acceptance.
16. Which of the following best describes existential anxiety?
A) Fear of specific phobias
B) Anxiety about the meaning of life and death
C) Panic attacks
D) Social anxiety
Answer: B) Anxiety about the meaning of life and death
Explanation: Existential anxiety arises from concerns about purpose, mortality, and freedom.
17. The superego represents:
A) The moral and ethical part of personality
B) The unconscious desires
C) The problem-solving ability
D) The source of all instincts
Answer: A) The moral and ethical part of personality
Explanation: The superego enforces societal rules and moral standards, often in conflict with the id.
18. What is the main emphasis of Logotherapy?
A) Behavioral reinforcement
B) Finding meaning in suffering
C) Dream interpretation
D) Cognitive restructuring
Answer: B) Finding meaning in suffering
Explanation: Logotherapy suggests that individuals can endure hardships if they find meaning in them.
19. Which of the following is NOT part of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
A) Cognitive needs
B) Safety needs
C) Love and belonging
D) Collective unconscious
Answer: D) Collective unconscious
Explanation: The collective unconscious is Jung’s concept, not a part of Maslow’s hierarchy.
20. What is the main criticism of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
A) It is too focused on cognitive development
B) It lacks empirical evidence and is too deterministic
C) It ignores unconscious processes
D) It does not address childhood experiences
Answer: B) It lacks empirical evidence and is too deterministic
Explanation: Critics argue that Freud’s theories are difficult to test scientifically and overemphasize unconscious drives.
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