Test your knowledge with 200+ Education MCQs! Learn fundamental concepts with detailed answers. Perfect for exam prep, teacher training, or general education knowledge.

1. Every system of education is based on?

a. Ideology of nation
b. Social development
c. Intellectual development
d. Skill development
Answer: a
Explanation: Education systems are designed to reflect and promote the ideology of a nation, shaping citizens according to its values, beliefs, and goals.

2. Word philosophy is derived from?

a. Alpha and Amphia
bPhila and Sophia
c. Sila and Sophia
d. Neo and Latvia
Answer: b
Explanation: The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek words "Phila" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom), meaning "love of wisdom."

3. Expected life outcomes from education are referred to as?

a. Learning
b. Evaluation
c. Aims
d. Pedagogy
Answer: c
Explanation: Aims of education refer to the desired outcomes or goals that education seeks to achieve in an individual's life.

4. Being the science of wisdom, philosophy aims at?

a. Search for activity
b. Search for reality
c. Search for probability
d. Search for utility
Answer: b
Explanation: Philosophy seeks to understand the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and knowledge.

5. The first head of the Deoband was?

A. Maulana Shah Wali Ullah
B. Maulana M. Yaqub Nanautwi
C. Maulana Mehmood ul Hassan
D. Shabir Ahmad Usmani
Answer: B
Explanation: Maulana M. Yaqub Nanautwi was the first head of the Deoband seminary, a prominent Islamic educational institution in India.

6. The Deoband academy was totally?

A. Personal
B. Government
C. Non-government
D. Semi-government
Answer: C
Explanation: The Deoband academy was established as a non-governmental institution focused on Islamic education.

7. The Deoband movement used curriculum revision as?

A. Motive
B. Need
C. Agreement
D. Improvement
Answer: A
Explanation: Curriculum revision was a key motive of the Deoband movement to align education with Islamic principles.

8. The Ulma of Deoband played a vital role in?

A. Spreading English cultures
B. Struggle for independence
C. Awarding scholarships
D. Science education
Answer: B
Explanation: The scholars of Deoband actively participated in India's struggle for independence from British rule.

9. The Deoband was established in?

A. 1857
B. 1867
C. 1885
D. 1866
Answer: B
Explanation: The Deoband seminary was established in 1867 in Uttar Pradesh, India.

10. The salient features of the Deoband movement were?

A. English system of education
B. Proliferation of science
C. Revival of religious spirit
D. Literature
Answer: C
Explanation: The Deoband movement emphasized the revival of Islamic religious teachings and practices.

11. The Deoband movement ignored?

A. Science
B. Philosophy
C. Logic
D. Religion
Answer: A
Explanation: The Deoband movement primarily focused on religious education and largely ignored scientific studies.

12. M.A.O High School was established in?

A. 1857
B. 1865
C. 1875
D. 1885
Answer: C
Explanation: M.A.O High School was established in 1875 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to promote modern education among Muslims.

13. M.A.O High School was given the rank of college in?

A. 1864
B. 1877
C. 1889
D. 1842
Answer: B
Explanation: M.A.O High School was elevated to the status of a college in 1877.

14. Scientific Society was established by?

A. Sir Allama Iqbal
B. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
C. Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar
D. Quaid-e-Azam
Answer: B
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded the Scientific Society in 1864 to promote scientific thinking and modern education.

15. M.A.O College was elevated to Aligarh University in?

A. 1854
B. 1846
C. 1940
D. 1920
Answer: D
Explanation: M.A.O College became Aligarh University in 1920, marking a significant milestone in Indian education.

16. The major impact of the Aligarh movement was?

A. Political training
B. Teaching of English
C. Social activities
D. Religious activities
Answer: A
Explanation: The Aligarh movement played a crucial role in providing political training and awareness to Indian Muslims.

17. The major objective of the Aligarh movement was to promote?

A. Education
B. Hatred for Hindus
C. Scientific look
D. Literacy
Answer: C
Explanation: The Aligarh movement aimed to foster a scientific and rational outlook among Muslims.

18. Which one was not among the purposes of the Aligarh movement?

A. To reduce hatred of the British
B. To propose Muslims to learn English
C. To prepare Muslims against Hindus
D. To prepare Muslims to learn science
Answer: C
Explanation: The Aligarh movement sought to promote harmony and education, not division between communities.

19. Jamia Millia Islamia was established on?

A. 1900
B. 1930
C. 1974
D. 1962
Answer: B
Explanation: Jamia Millia Islamia was established in 1930 as a nationalist institution during India's freedom struggle.

20. Jamia Millia Islamia was established by?

A. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
B. Moulana Shaukat Ali Johar
C. Hakeem Ajmal
D. Moulana M. Ali Johar
Answer: D
Explanation: Moulana M. Ali Johar was one of the founders of Jamia Millia Islamia.

21. In Jamia Millia, the medium of instruction was?

A. English
B. Arabic
C. Son
D. Urdu
Answer: D
Explanation: Urdu was the primary medium of instruction at Jamia Millia Islamia.

22. In Jamia Millia, the translation of the Holy Quran was taught as?

A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
Answer: A
Explanation: The translation of the Holy Quran was introduced at the initial stage of education at Jamia Millia.

23. Jamia Millia could not become popular among Muslims due to its opposition to?

A. Hindus
B. British
C. Two-nation theory
D. Tehrik-e-Khilafat
Answer: C
Explanation: Jamia Millia's opposition to the two-nation theory made it less popular among some Muslim groups.

24. Jamia Millia emphasized on?

A. Religious education
B. Science education
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
Answer: C
Explanation: Jamia Millia focused on both religious and scientific education.

25. Anjman Himayat-e-Islam was established in?

A. Lahore
B. Lucknow
C. Delhi
D. Calcutta
Answer: A
Explanation: Anjman Himayat-e-Islam was established in Lahore to promote Islamic education and social welfare.

26. Anjman Himayat-e-Islam was established on?

A. 1887
B. 1854
C. 1896
D. 1874
Answer: A
Explanation: Anjman Himayat-e-Islam was founded in 1887.

27. The founder of Anjman Himayat-e-Islam was?

A. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
B. Caliph Hamid ud Din
C. Molana Shibli Nomani
D. Allama Iqbal
Answer: B
Explanation: Caliph Hamid ud Din was the founder of Anjman Himayat-e-Islam.

28. Nadva tul Ulema was established on?

A. 1894
B. 1852
C. 1864
Answer: B
Explanation: Nadva tul Ulema was established in 1852.

29. Nadva Tul Ulema was established in?

A. Delhi
B. Lucknow
C. Deoband
D. Aligarh
Answer: B
Explanation: Nadva tul Ulema was established in Lucknow.

30. Tul Ulema was established on the initiative of?

A. Molana Shibli Nomani
B. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
C. Caliph Hamid ud Din
D. Molana Ali Johar
Answer: A
Explanation: Molana Shibli Nomani played a key role in establishing Nadva tul Ulema.

31. The first administrator of Nadva Tul Ulema was?

A. Molana Shibli Nomani
B. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
C. Molana Ali Johar
D. Molana M. Ali Mangheri
Answer: D
Explanation: Molana M. Ali Mangheri was the first administrator of Nadva tul Ulema.

32. Education Conference 1947 was held in?

A. Peshawar
B. Lahore
C. Quetta
D. Karachi
Answer: D
Explanation: The Education Conference of 1947 was held in Karachi, Pakistan.

33. Education Conference 1947 was presided by?

A. Quaid-e-Azam
B. Fazal ur Rehman
C. Liaqat Ali Khan
D. Abdul Rub Nishtar
Answer: B
Explanation: Fazal ur Rehman presided over the Education Conference of 1947.

34. Objective of education under Education Conference 1947 were?

A. Conformity with Ideology of life
B. Economic development
C. Character formation
D. All of above
Answer: D
Explanation: The conference emphasized conformity with ideology, economic development, and character formation.

35. According to the recommendations of the Indian Education Commission, the government took the responsibility of?

A. Primary education
B. Secondary education
C. Religious education
D. Higher education
Answer: A
Explanation: The Indian Education Commission recommended that the government take responsibility for primary education.

36. Council of Technical Education was recommended to establish under?

A. Education Conference 1947
B. National Education Commission 1959
C. National Education Policy 1970
D. National Education Policy 1972
Answer: A
Explanation: The Council of Technical Education was recommended during the Education Conference of 1947.

37. National Education Commission 1959 was established under the headship of?

A. Fazal ur Rehman
B. Liaqat Ali Khan
C. S.M. Sharif
D. Abdul Rub Nishtar
Answer: C
Explanation: S.M. Sharif headed the National Education Commission of 1959.

38. Objectives of education under National Education Commission 1959 were?

A. Spiritual values
B. Ideology of Pakistan
C. Development of individuality
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: The commission emphasized spiritual values, national ideology, and individual development.

39. Text Book Board was recommended to establish under?

A. Education Conference 1947
B. National Education Commission 1959
C. National Education Policy 1970
D. National Education Policy 1972
Answer: B
Explanation: The Text Book Board was recommended by the National Education Commission of 1959.

40. National Education Policy 1970 was headed by?

A. Fazal ur Rehman
B. S.M. Sharif
C. Noor Khan
D. Abdul Hafeez Pirzada
Answer: D
Explanation: Abdul Hafeez Pirzada led the National Education Policy of 1970.

41. Private educational institutions were nationalized under?

A. Education Conference 1947
B. National Education Commission 1959
C. National Education Policy 1970
D. National Education Policy 1972
Answer: C
Explanation: Private institutions were nationalized under the National Education Policy of 1970.

42. Under National Education Policy 1972, free education was recommended up to class?

A. 5
B. 12
C. 10
D. 18
Answer: C
Explanation: Free education was recommended up to class 10 under the 1972 policy.

43. Open University was established under the policy?

A. 1972
B. 1985
C. 1964
D. 1932
Answer: A
Explanation: The Open University was established under the National Education Policy of 1972.

44. The focus of National Education Policy 1978 was on?

A. Islamic values
B. Ideology of Pakistan
C. Both a and b
D. None
Answer: C
Explanation: The 1978 policy emphasized both Islamic values and the ideology of Pakistan.

45. Charter Act was presented in?

A. 1800
B. 1813
C. 1800
D. 1820
Answer: B
Explanation: The Charter Act of 1813 marked the beginning of state involvement in education in India.

46. According to the Charter Act of 1813, education is the responsibility of?

A. Governor
B. East India Company
C. Madrasas
D. Local Government
Answer: B
Explanation: The East India Company was made responsible for education under the Charter Act of 1813.

47. The amount set apart by the East India Company for educational purposes was?

A. 100,000
B. 15,000
C. 1,400
D. 12,000
Answer: A
Explanation: The East India Company allocated Rs. 100,000 annually for education.

48. The objective of education according to the Charter Act was?

A. Islamic education
B. Technical education
C. Preaching Christianity
D. Preaching Hinduism
Answer: C
Explanation: The Charter Act aimed to promote Christianity through education.

49. The medium of instruction for the promotion of scientific knowledge according to the Charter Act was?

A. Urdu
B. Hindi
C. English
D. Sanskrit
Answer: C
Explanation: English was chosen as the medium of instruction for scientific education.

50. The Charter Act of the East India Company was renewed in?

A. 1833
B. 1844
C. 1855
D. 1952
Answer: A
Explanation: The Charter Act was renewed in 1833.

51. The East India Company could not implement the Charter Act for?

A. 5 years
B. 10 years
C. 8 years
D. 4 years
Answer: B
Explanation: The East India Company delayed implementing the Charter Act for 10 years.

52. Lord Macaulay/Bentick Resolution was passed in?

A. 1852
B. 1835
C. 1946
D. 1742
Answer: B
Explanation: The Macaulay Resolution was passed in 1835, promoting English education in India.

53. Which is not a characteristic of Lord Macaulay's Report?

A. Revival of eastern knowledge
B. Proliferation of western knowledge
C. English as the medium of instruction
D. All of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: Lord Macaulay's Report aimed to promote Western knowledge and English education, not the revival of Eastern knowledge.

54. According to Lord Macaulay, one purpose of education was?

A. To develop moral values
B. To produce clerks
C. Intellectual development
D. Physical development
Answer: B
Explanation: Lord Macaulay emphasized the need to produce clerks and administrative staff to assist the British government in India.

55. Charles Wood Dispatch was presented in?

A. 1854
B. 1833
C. 1854
D. 1920
Answer: C
Explanation: The Charles Wood Dispatch, also known as the Magna Carta of English Education in India, was presented in 1854.

56. Under Wood Dispatch in 1857, three universities established were?

A. Bombay, Calcutta, Madras
B. Karachi
C. Peshawar
D. Lahore
Answer: A
Explanation: The Wood Dispatch led to the establishment of universities in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras in 1857.

57. Punjab University was established in?

A. 1887
B. 1892
C. 1854
D. 1974
Answer: A
Explanation: Punjab University was established in 1887 in Lahore.

58. Indian Education Commission was established under the headship of?

A. Sir Charles Wood
B. Lord Macaulay
C. Sir William Hunter
D. Sir Thomas
Answer: C
Explanation: The Indian Education Commission, also known as the Hunter Commission, was headed by Sir William Hunter in 1882.

59. What is Curriculum?

A. Overall activities of an Institution
B. Objectivity
C. Classroom
D. Affective
Answer: A
Explanation: Curriculum refers to the overall activities, including teaching, learning, and assessment, within an educational institution.

60. Important factor of curriculum is to help to achieve the?

A. Objectivity
B. Classroom
C. Affective
D. Students
Answer: A
Explanation: The curriculum is designed to achieve specific educational objectives and goals.

61. Responsible for the curriculum planning and development in Pakistan is?

A. Objectivity
B. Curriculum Wing
C. Affective
D. Students
Answer: B
Explanation: The Curriculum Wing of the Ministry of Education in Pakistan is responsible for curriculum planning and development.

62. Which domain of objectives is not being evaluated through our present system of examination?

A. Objectivity
B. Classroom
C. Affective
D. Students
Answer: C
Explanation: The affective domain, which includes attitudes, values, and emotions, is often overlooked in traditional examination systems.

63. Which of the following is the nature of curriculum?

A. Conservative
B. Critical
C. Creative
D. All of these
Answer: D
Explanation: The curriculum can be conservative, critical, and creative, depending on its design and implementation.

64. Curriculum provides guidance for?

A. Student
B. School
C. Parents
D. Teacher
Answer: A
Explanation: The curriculum provides guidance and direction for students' learning and development.

65. Syllabus is a part of?

A. Student
B. School
C. Parents
D. Curriculum
Answer: D
Explanation: The syllabus is a component of the broader curriculum, detailing the topics and content to be covered.

66. Benefits of A.V. Aids are that they?

A. Create interest
B. Reduce verbalization
C. Stimulate self-activity
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Audio-visual aids enhance learning by creating interest, reducing verbal explanations, and encouraging active participation.

67. Curriculum presents instructional material is stated by?

A. Smith
B. Wheller
C. Jack Kerr
D. None
Answer: A
Explanation: Smith defined curriculum as the presentation of instructional material to achieve educational objectives.

68. Relationship of subjects at different levels is called?

A. Centralization
B. Decentralization
C. Horizontal organization
D. Vertical organization
Answer: D
Explanation: Vertical organization refers to the arrangement of subjects in a sequence from lower to higher levels.

69. An outline of the topics of a subject to be covered in a specific time is called?

A. Curriculum
B. Course
C. Syllabus
D. None
Answer: C
Explanation: A syllabus is a detailed outline of topics and content to be covered in a course.

70. Curriculum organization used for different concepts at the same class is?

A. Vertical
B. Horizontal
C. Logical
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation: Horizontal organization refers to the arrangement of different subjects or concepts at the same grade level.

71. The category of Audio-Visual Aids is?

A. Radio
B. Television
C. Tape recorder
D. All of these
Answer: D
Explanation: Audio-visual aids include tools like radio, television, and tape recorders to enhance learning.

72. Major concern of curriculum is?

A. Personal satisfaction
B. Change in individual's behavior
C. Preparation for service
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary goal of the curriculum is to bring about positive changes in students' behavior and learning.

73. The importance of curriculum in the system of education is just like a?

A. Constitution in a country
B. Provision of latest knowledge
C. Preparation of students for service
D. None
Answer: A
Explanation: The curriculum serves as the foundation of the education system, much like a constitution for a country.

74. Curriculum is supposed to?

A. Achieve the objectives
B. Be organized by the school
C. Both
D. None
Answer: C
Explanation: The curriculum is designed to achieve educational objectives and is organized by the school.

75. Curriculum reflects the culture of?

A. Society
B. Home
C. School
D. Area
Answer: A
Explanation: The curriculum reflects the values, traditions, and culture of the society it serves.

76. The outline of the contents is?

A. Course
B. Syllabus
C. Programme
D. All above
Answer: B
Explanation: The syllabus provides an outline of the content to be covered in a course.

77. Component of curriculum is?

A. Evaluation
B. Objectives
C. Teaching strategies
D. All
Answer: D
Explanation: The curriculum includes objectives, teaching strategies, and evaluation methods.

78. Models of curriculum presently being used at any stage in Pakistan is?

A. Activity
B. Subject
C. Integrated
D. All of above
Answer: D
Explanation: Pakistan uses various curriculum models, including activity-based, subject-centered, and integrated approaches.

79. The selection of the particular design is influenced by?

A. Types
B. Elements
C. Foundation
D. Principle
Answer: C
Explanation: The design of the curriculum is influenced by its philosophical, psychological, and social foundations.

80. Intelligence level of gifted students is?

A. 140 and above
B. 110
C. 90
D. None
Answer: A
Explanation: Gifted students typically have an IQ of 140 or above.

81. The scope of curriculum includes?

A. Programme of studies
B. Programme of activities
C. Programme of guidance
D. All
Answer: D
Explanation: The curriculum encompasses academic programs, extracurricular activities, and guidance services.

82. The concise Oxford Dictionary defines curriculum as a?

A. Course of learning
B. Chariot race course
C. Course of study
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation: The term "curriculum" originally referred to a chariot race course, symbolizing a structured path of learning.

83. The model of curriculum could not move above the elementary stage is?

A. Core curriculum
B. Activity curriculum
C. Subject curriculum
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation: The activity-based curriculum is often limited to elementary education due to its focus on hands-on learning.

84. Detailed contents of the subjects for a class are called?

A. Course
B. Behavior
C. Design
D. Logical sequence
Answer: A
Explanation: A course outlines the detailed content and topics to be covered in a subject.

85. A curriculum is the sum total of a school's efforts to influence a child?

A. Course
B. Behavior
C. Design
D. Logical sequence
Answer: B
Explanation: The curriculum aims to shape students' behavior, knowledge, and skills.

86. Percentage of knowledge gained through observation is?

A. 75%
B. 50%
C. 34%
D. None
Answer: A
Explanation: Research suggests that approximately 75% of knowledge is gained through observation.

87. The base on which the subject activities and experience are planned is called?

A. Course
B. Behavior
C. Design
D. Logical sequence
Answer: C
Explanation: The design of the curriculum forms the foundation for planning activities and experiences.

88. Keeping in view the types of students in a class are generally grouped as?

A. Average
B. Below average
C. Above average
D. All
Answer: D
Explanation: Students are often grouped based on their abilities, including average, below average, and above average.

89. Logical order of content organization is to arrange the content according to?

A. Course
B. Behavior
C. Design
D. Logical sequence
Answer: D
Explanation: Content is organized in a logical sequence to facilitate effective learning.

90. Summative evaluation takes place?

A. In the beginning
B. At the end
C. In the middle
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation: Summative evaluation occurs at the end of a course or program to assess overall learning outcomes.

91. Without a suitable curriculum, aims of education?

A. Can be achieved
B. Cannot be achieved
C. Can be changed
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation: A well-designed curriculum is essential for achieving educational aims and objectives.

92. How many basic components of curriculum are there?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
Answer: B
Explanation: The four basic components of the curriculum are objectives, content, teaching methods, and evaluation.

93. Curriculum development refers to the total process of curriculum?

A. Designing
B. Implementing
C. Evaluating
D. All
Answer: D
Explanation: Curriculum development involves designing, implementing, and evaluating the curriculum.

94. Which one is not the component of the curriculum?

A. Design
B. Evaluation
C. Curriculum design
D. Abilities
Answer: A
Explanation: Design is not a component of the curriculum; it is part of the curriculum development process.

95. Effectiveness of curriculum is determined by?

A. Design
B. Evaluation
C. Curriculum design
D. Abilities
Answer: B
Explanation: Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the curriculum in achieving its objectives.

96. The arrangement of the elements of the curriculum can be defined as?

A. Design
B. Evaluation
C. Curriculum design
D. Abilities
Answer: C
Explanation: Curriculum design refers to the arrangement and organization of curriculum elements.

97. The term “core curriculum” is sometimes simply called?

A. Core
B. Code
C. Cope
D. None
Answer: A
Explanation: The core curriculum is often referred to as the "core" of the educational program.

98. The method used to evaluate the curriculum is?

A. Formative Evaluation
B. Summative Evaluation
C. Diagnostic Evaluation
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Curriculum evaluation can include formative, summative, and diagnostic methods.

99. One way of finding out what is going on in a classroom is?

A. Observation
B. Education psychology
C. Foundation of curriculum
D. Is the purpose of life?
Answer: A
Explanation: Observation is a key method for understanding classroom dynamics and teaching effectiveness.

100. When, what, why, and how to teach is the main task of?

A. Observation
B. Education psychology
C. Foundation of curriculum
D. Is the purpose of life?
Answer: B
Explanation: Educational psychology helps teachers understand how to plan and deliver effective instruction.

101. What is the origin of the word Education?

A. ‘E’ and ‘Catum’
B. Edu and ‘Catum’
C. Word ‘Educate’
D. None of these.
Answer: A
Explanation: The word "education" is derived from the Latin words "E" (out) and "Catum" (to lead), meaning "to lead out" or "to bring forth."

102. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Education is an art
b. Education is a science
c. It is neither an art nor science
d. To some extent it is art and to some extent it is science.
Answer: D
Explanation: Education combines elements of both art (creativity, personal interaction) and science (systematic methods, research-based practices).

103. What is called education acquired without any specific purpose, fixed period, and place?

a. Indirect Education
b. Individual Education
c. Informal Education
d. Formal Education.
Answer: C
Explanation: Informal education occurs naturally through daily experiences, without a structured curriculum or specific goals.

104. Which one of the following sentences is correct about the nature of teaching?

a. It is diagnostic
b. It is remedial
c. It is diagnostic as well as remedial
d. All the above statements are correct.
Answer: D
Explanation: Teaching involves diagnosing students' needs, providing remedial support, and addressing learning gaps.

105. What is the compulsory element of learning?

a. Ability to read
b. Bright Mind
c. Tendency to know
d. None of these.
Answer: C
Explanation: The desire or tendency to know is essential for learning to occur.

106. What is the place of the principal in an educational institute?

a. Overall head of the school
b. Manager of the school
c. Owner of the school
d. Founder of the school.
Answer: B
Explanation: The principal acts as the manager, overseeing the school's operations and ensuring its smooth functioning.

107. If a student fails in any class, what should be done to him?

a. He should be given a chance to improve and sent to the next class after he improves
b. He should be kept in the same class
c. He should be advised to leave studies
d. All the above methods are right.
Answer: A
Explanation: Providing opportunities for improvement and support is a better approach than retaining or discouraging the student.

108. Why are curriculum activities used in teaching?

a. Make teaching easy
b. To make teaching interesting, easy to understand, and effective
c. To make teaching attractive
d. To assist the teacher.
Answer: B
Explanation: Curriculum activities enhance teaching by making it engaging, understandable, and effective.

109. What are the three components of the educational process?

a. Education, teacher, and books
b. Teacher, student, and education
c. Teaching, learning, and practice
d. Direction, instruction, and skill.
Answer: B
Explanation: The educational process involves the teacher, student, and the content (education) being delivered.

110. What is teaching through the deductive method?

a. From general to specific
b. From specific to general
c. From macro to micro
d. From easy to difficult.
Answer: A
Explanation: The deductive method starts with general principles and moves to specific examples or applications.

111. What is the main center of informal education?

a. Society
b. Family
c. Radio and Television
d. All of the above.
Answer: D
Explanation: Informal education occurs in various settings, including society, family, and through media like radio and television.

112. Which is the first school for a child’s education?

a. Society
b. Friends
c. Family
d. School.
Answer: C
Explanation: The family is the first and most influential source of education for a child.

113. Which one of the following education systems supports scientific progress?

a. Realistic Education
b. Idealistic Education
c. Naturalistic Education
d. None of these.
Answer: A
Explanation: Realistic education emphasizes practical knowledge and scientific inquiry.

114. What is the meaning of a lesson plan?

a. To read the lesson before teaching it
b. To prepare all that the teacher wants to teach in a limited period
c. To prepare detailed answers to all the questions to be asked in the class
d. To prepare the list of questions to be asked.
Answer: B
Explanation: A lesson plan is a detailed outline of what the teacher intends to teach during a specific period.

115. On what depends the value of an educational experience in the eyes of the idealist?

a. Whether or not the pupil has been properly motivated
b. Whether or not it preserves accepted institutions
c. The extent to which it satisfies pupil desires
d. The manner in which it affects future experience.
Answer: B
Explanation: Idealists value education that upholds and preserves societal institutions and traditions.

116. Which educational activity is most desirable to the pragmatist?

a. Approximates the goals which educational scientists have set up
b. Results from the indiscrimination of the pupil in democratic theory.
c. That has a beneficial effect upon the future experiences of the pupil
d. That is characterized by spontaneous, active, continuously pleasurable, and practical for the pupil.
Answer: A
Explanation: Pragmatists focus on activities that align with scientifically established educational goals.

117. What is the viewpoint of progressive educators regarding the issue of liberal vs. vocational education?

a. Vocational ends lead one to degrade learning
b. Liberal arts subjects should proceed vocational training
c. Vocational and liberal education should not be separated
d. All subjects should have a vocational orientation.
Answer: B
Explanation: Progressive educators believe that liberal arts education should form the foundation before vocational training.

118. Who was the supporter of Naturalism in Education?

a. Froebel
b. Armstrong
c. John Locke
d. Rousseau.
Answer: D
Explanation: Rousseau was a prominent advocate of Naturalism, emphasizing learning through nature and experience.

119. What do you mean by curriculum?

a. A child learns through curriculum
b. Sum total of the annual study
c. Sum total of the activities of a school
d. Indicates the course to be taught by the teachers to the students throughout the year.
Answer: D
Explanation: The curriculum refers to the planned course of study and content to be taught in a school.

120. Which system of education was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi?

a. Teaching by activities
b. Teaching through music
c. Teaching through listening, meditation, etc.
d. All of these.
Answer: D
Explanation: Gandhi emphasized holistic education, including activities, arts, and moral development.

121. Who raised the slogan “Back to Nature”?

a. Realism
b. Pragmatism
c. Naturalism
d. Existentialism.
Answer: C
Explanation: Naturalists like Rousseau advocated for a return to nature as the basis for education.

122. Which statement is not correct about Naturalism?

a. A reaction against the degenerated humanism of the Renaissance period
b. A reaction against the degenerated humanism of the Renaissance period.
c. A reaction against sophistication, artificiality, and paraphernalia in education
d. A reaction against a mere study of books and linguistic forms.
Answer: D
Explanation: Naturalism opposes artificiality but does not reject the study of books entirely.

123. Who said, “Reverse the usual practice and you will almost always do right?”

a. Mahatma Gandhi
b. Rousseau
c. Dewey
d. Plato.
Answer: B
Explanation: Rousseau advocated for unconventional approaches in education, emphasizing natural development.

124. “Human institutions are one mass of folly and contradiction.” Whose statement is this?

a. Bernard Shaw
b. Rousseau
c. Dewey
d. Ravinder Nath Tagore.
Answer: B
Explanation: Rousseau criticized societal institutions for their flaws and contradictions.

125. According to which school of philosophy of education, exaltation of individual’s personality is a function of education?

a. Pragmatism
b. Idealism
c. Marxism
d. Idealism and Marxism both.
Answer: D
Explanation: Both Idealism and Marxism emphasize the development of the individual's personality through education.

126. Which is not Naturalism’s aim of Education?

a. Education is the notion of man’s evolution from lower forms of life
b. To equip the individual or the nation for the struggle for existence so as to ensure survival
c. To help the pupils to learn to be in harmony with and well-adapted to their surroundings
d. To inculcate ethical and moral values in the pupils.
Answer: D
Explanation: Naturalism focuses on adaptation to nature and survival rather than moral or ethical instruction.

127. Which school held the view, “God makes all things good; man meddles with and they become evil?”

a. Marxism
b. Existentialism
c. Naturalism
d. Pragmatism.
Answer: C
Explanation: This view is central to Naturalism, which emphasizes the inherent goodness of nature and the corrupting influence of society.

128. Which school maintained self-expression with the accompanying cries of “no interference,” “no restraints”?

a. Extreme form of Naturalism
b. Most widely accepted form of Naturalism
c. Truest form of Naturalism
d. Most valid form of Naturalism.
Answer: A
Explanation: Extreme Naturalism advocates for complete freedom and self-expression without interference.

129. Which is not the nature of philosophy?

a. It is a science of knowledge
b. It is a collective ensemble of various viewpoints
c. It is a planned attempt on search for the truth
d. It is the totality of man’s creative ideas.
Answer: D
Explanation: Philosophy is not merely the totality of creative ideas but a systematic inquiry into fundamental questions.

130. Which branch of philosophy deals with knowledge, its structure, method, and validity?

a. Logic
b. Aesthetics
c. Epistemology
d. Metaphysics.
Answer: C
Explanation: Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.

131. Which school maintained: “Natural impulses of the child are of great importance and are good in themselves?”

a. Biological Naturalism
b. Mechanical Naturalism
c. Naturalism of physical science
d. Romantic Naturalism.
Answer: A
Explanation: Biological Naturalism emphasizes the importance of natural instincts and impulses in education.

132. Which branch of philosophy examines issues pertaining to the nature of “reality?”

a. Ontology
b. Metaphysics
c. Axiology
d. Epistemology.
Answer: B
Explanation: Metaphysics deals with the nature of reality, existence, and the universe.

133. On what is based the need for teaching philosophy of education?

a. All pupils are not alike
b. Different systems of education found in different countries
c. Different philosophies expressed different points of view on every aspect of education
d. Different ways of teaching-learning.
Answer: C
Explanation: The philosophy of education helps educators understand and apply various perspectives to teaching and learning.

134. What is the goal of education according to Idealism?

a. Perfect adaptation to the environment
b. Realisation of moral values
c. Satisfaction of human wants
d. Cultivation of dynamic, adaptable mind which will be resourceful and enterprising in all situations.
Answer: B
Explanation: Idealism emphasizes the realization of moral and spiritual values through education.

135. The aim of education according to the Existentialists is?

a. Humanitarian and humanist self-realization.
b. Adaptation to practical life.
c. Objective knowledge.
d. A good understanding of the world outside.
Answer: A
Explanation: Existentialists focus on individual self-realization and personal growth.

136. The Realist’s aim of education is?

a. Self-realization
b. Spiritual and moral development
c. Happy and moral development
d. Total development of personality.
Answer: C
Explanation: Realists aim for a balanced development that includes happiness and moral integrity.

137. Naturalist’s conception of man is?

a. Man’s very essence of being is his spiritual nature.
b. It is spirit rather than animality that is most truly man.
c. There exists in the nature of things a perfect pattern of each individual.
d. Nature would have them children before they are men.
Answer: D
Explanation: Naturalists believe that children should develop naturally before taking on adult roles.

138. Which philosophy of education considers psychology as an incomplete study of and an inadequate basis of educational theory?

a. Realism
b. Pragmatism
c. Idealism
d. Naturalism.
Answer: C
Explanation: Idealists argue that psychology alone cannot fully explain the spiritual and moral aspects of education.

139. Which among the following does not fit into the scheme of educational goals of the Idealists?

a. Care of body
b. Moral values
c. Skills
d. Self-expression.
Answer: A
Explanation: Idealists prioritize moral and intellectual development over physical care.

140. Religious education is strongly advocated by?

a. Pragmatists.
b. Idealists,
c. Realist.
d. Existentialists.
Answer: B
Explanation: Idealists emphasize the importance of religious and moral education.

141. Which of the following is said about the idealists?

a. They are content with “briars”
b. They like “roses”
c. They are satisfied neither with “briars” nor with “roses”
d. They want “roses” and “briars” both.
Answer: C
Explanation: Idealists strive for perfection and are not satisfied with partial or imperfect solutions.

142. Which school of philosophy of education advocated the Project method of teaching?

a. Realism
b. Pragmatism
c. Idealism
d. Naturalism.
Answer: B
Explanation: Pragmatists advocate for the Project method, which emphasizes learning by doing.

143. Play-way method of teaching has been emphasized in the scheme of the education of?

a. Naturalists.
b. Realists,
c. Pragmatists.
d. Existentialists.
Answer: A
Explanation: Naturalists believe in learning through play and natural activities.

144. Which is the most widely accepted method of education, according to the pragmatists?

a. Lecturing by the teacher.
b. Leaving the child free to learn.
c. Learning by doing.
d. Heuristic method.
Answer: C
Explanation: Pragmatists emphasize experiential learning through hands-on activities.

145. The pragmatists are against?

a. The external examinations
b. The specialist teachers
c. Breakdown of knowledge into separate subjects.
d. Eternal spiritual values.
Answer: C
Explanation: Pragmatists prefer integrated learning over the compartmentalization of knowledge.

146. Pragmatism has a greater sense of responsibility than Naturalism with regard to moral training because?

a. The free activity which the pragmatic system of education entails does not mean license; rather it means a guided activity.
b. They emphasize teaching of values
c. They consider education, basically, a social process.
d. They do not want the teacher to abdicate from the scene.
Answer: A
Explanation: Pragmatism promotes guided freedom, ensuring that moral training is integrated into education.

147. Which of the following claims of the pragmatists is not acceptable?

a. The free activity of the pupil is likely to result in permanent attitudes of initiative and independence and moral discipline
b. Training in citizenship is possible through school and community activities
c. Training in character through school’s co-curricular activities is possible
d. Child’s own experience is valuable for adequate development of child’s personality.
Answer: A
Explanation: Critics argue that complete freedom may not always lead to disciplined behavior.

148. Project method of teaching is an outstanding contribution of?

a. Realism.
b. Pragmatism,
c. Naturalism.
d. Idealism.
Answer: B
Explanation: The Project method is a key contribution of Pragmatism to education.

149. Which is the characteristic of the project method?

a. Problematic act
b. Carried in its natural setting
c. Used for all-round development of child’s personality.
d. A voluntary undertaking.
Answer: C
Explanation: The Project method aims at holistic development through practical, real-world tasks.

150. Which among the following is not essentially desirable in the project method?

a. The task of the project is as real as the task of life outside the walls of the school
b. The task of the project involves constructive effort or thought yielding objective results
c. The task of the project should be full of message for the children
d. The task of the project should be interesting enough so that the pupil is genuinely eager to carry it out.
Answer: C
Explanation: While meaningful tasks are important, the primary focus is on practical and engaging activities.

151. Which is a great disadvantage of the project method?

a. It consumes much of the time of the child
b. It leaves gaps in the knowledge of the child
c. Children are generally not interested in it
d. Teachers, generally, do not like to teach through it.
Answer: B
Explanation: The project method may lead to gaps in knowledge as it focuses on specific tasks rather than comprehensive coverage of subjects.

152. Learning by Project Method is technically known as?

a. Incidental learning.
b. Efficient learning.
c. Systematic learning.
d. Adequate learning.
Answer: A
Explanation: The Project Method often results in incidental learning, where students acquire knowledge indirectly through activities.

153. Education, according to the Pragmatist is?

a. Wholly pupil-oriented.
b. Wholly society-oriented.
c. Wholly purposive.
d. Wholly interdisciplinary.
Answer: C
Explanation: Pragmatists view education as a purposeful activity aimed at solving real-life problems.

154. Who among the following is not a follower of Pragmatic Philosophy?

a. William James
b. Pestalozzi
c. John Dewey
d. Kilpatrick.
Answer: B
Explanation: Pestalozzi was associated with Naturalism, not Pragmatism.

155. What is not associated with Pragmatism?

a. Purposive education
b. Experience-based education
c. Freedom-based education
d. Education for self-realization.
Answer: D
Explanation: Self-realization is more closely associated with Idealism and Existentialism than Pragmatism.

156. Who emphasized realization of Truth, Beauty, and Goodness as the aims of education?

a. Idealists
b. Pragmatists
c. Realists
d. Naturalists.
Answer: A
Explanation: Idealists focus on the pursuit of Truth, Beauty, and Goodness as the ultimate aims of education.

157. Which statement about truth is not correct according to the philosophy of Pragmatism?

a. It is made by man
b. It is ever-changing
c. It is eternal
d. It is what emerges to be true in actual practice.
Answer: C
Explanation: Pragmatists believe that truth is not eternal but evolves based on practical experiences and outcomes.

158. In whose methodology of teaching “Experimentation” is the key-note of?

a. Idealism
b. Existentialism
c. Realism
d. Pragmatism.
Answer: D
Explanation: Pragmatists emphasize experimentation and hands-on learning as central to their teaching methodology.

159. The term “progressive education” is related to?

a. Realism.
b. Pragmatism.
c. Idealism.
d. Existentialism.
Answer: B
Explanation: Progressive education, which focuses on student-centered learning and experiential activities, is rooted in Pragmatism.

160. Who said, “No fixed aims of education and no values in advance”?

a. Progressive educators
b. Idealists
c. Realists
d. Marxists.
Answer: A
Explanation: Progressive educators believe that educational aims and values should emerge from the learning process rather than being predetermined.

161. Which school of philosophy of education stresses the direct study of men and things through tours and travels?

a. Social realism
b. Idealism
c. Existentialism
d. Marxism.
Answer: A
Explanation: Social Realism emphasizes learning through direct observation and interaction with society and the environment.

162. Which school believes that all knowledge comes through the senses?

a. Idealism
b. Sense Realism
c. Pragmatism
d. Existentialism.
Answer: B
Explanation: Sense Realism asserts that knowledge is acquired through sensory experiences.

163. Which school raised the slogan “Things as they are and as they are likely to be encountered in life rather than words?”

a. Pragmatist
b. Realists
c. Idealists
d. Existentialists.
Answer: B
Explanation: Realists emphasize practical knowledge and real-world experiences over theoretical learning.

164. As Huxley pleaded for the introduction of “a complete and thorough scientific culture” into schools, he is claimed to be?

a. An Idealist.
b. A Realist,
c. A Pragmatist.
d. A Naturalist.
Answer: B
Explanation: Huxley’s emphasis on scientific education aligns with Realism, which values practical and empirical knowledge.

165. Realism in education was born out of?

a. The enthusiasm of the Renaissance.
b. The great religious movement of the 17th century.
c. A cleavage between the work of the schools and the life of the world outside that occurred during the 19th century.
d. The degeneration of humanism after the Renaissance.
Answer: C
Explanation: Realism emerged as a response to the disconnect between traditional education and the practical needs of society.

166. Which of the following is not criticized by realism in education?

a. Teachers denying the value of school co-curricular activities
b. Pupils cramming for knowledge from books for reproducing in examination
c. Organizing schools in a way that is conducive to practical training in citizenship
d. Teaching which drifts away from the life of the child.
Answer: C
Explanation: Realists support practical training and education that prepares students for real-life roles, including citizenship.

167. In the light of relevant past events, contemporary events and their understanding should find a place in the teaching of history. Who maintained this principle?

a. Naturalists
b. Idealists
c. Realists
d. Marxists.
Answer: C
Explanation: Realists advocate for teaching history in a way that connects past events to contemporary issues.

168. The most important thing to keep in mind for a teacher according to Realism in education is?

a. The method of teaching.
b. The value and significance of what is taught.
c. The nature of the child.
d. Organization of the content to be taught.
Answer: B
Explanation: Realists emphasize the importance of teaching practical and meaningful content that prepares students for real-world challenges.

169. Which school of philosophy very strongly advocates that education should be vocational in character?

a. Existentialism
b. Naturalism
c. Realism
d. Pragmatism.
Answer: C
Explanation: Realists believe that education should have a strong vocational focus to prepare students for practical careers.

170. Which is not an aspect of mind according to the Realists’ theory of knowing?

a. Awareness
b. Consciousness
c. Behaviour
d. Processing of awareness.
Answer: C
Explanation: Realists focus on mental processes like awareness and consciousness, not behavior, which is more associated with psychology.

171. Who believes that “Objects have a reality independent of mental phenomena”?

a. Idealists
b. Realists
c. Naturalists
d. Existentialists.
Answer: B
Explanation: Realists assert that objects exist independently of the mind and are not merely mental constructs.

172. Marxist educational philosophy is closer to?

a. Idealism.
b. Realism.
c. Naturalism.
d. Pragmatism.
Answer: B
Explanation: Marxism shares with Realism a focus on practical, material conditions and the role of education in societal transformation.

173. Which among the following is not a characteristic of Marxism?

a. It presupposes a reality independent of man’s mind
b. Its educational philosophy is essentially materialistic
c. Its major objective is the development of the child’s personality
d. It asserts that the physical environment can definitely change the nature of the child.
Answer: C
Explanation: Marxism focuses on collective societal change rather than individual personality development.

174. Which school of philosophy of education regrets dualism between cultural and vocational curriculum?

a. Marxism
b. Idealism
c. Existentialism
d. Naturalism.
Answer: A
Explanation: Marxists criticize the separation of cultural and vocational education, advocating for an integrated approach.

175. According to which educational philosophy, socially useful labour must form the central pivot of the entire school?

a. Idealism
b. Marxism
c. Existentialism
d. Naturalism.
Answer: B
Explanation: Marxism emphasizes the importance of socially useful labor as a core component of education.

176. Which of the following has been asserted about schools by Marxist educational philosophy?

a. They should stand above politics
b. They should disinterestedly serve society as a whole
c. They should function as deliberate instruments of state policy
d. They should not be mere weapons in the hands of the ruling class.
Answer: C
Explanation: Marxists view schools as tools for implementing state policies and promoting societal change.

177. Which of the following characteristics is common to Pragmatism, Naturalism, and Existentialism?

a. Emphasis on spiritual aims of education
b. Emphasis on the individual
c. Emphasis on physical environment
d. Emphasis on value education.
Answer: B
Explanation: All three philosophies emphasize the importance of the individual in the educational process.

178. Whose is the ultimate concern—“What is existence”?

a. Idealists only
b. Realists only
c. Existentialists and Idealists both
d. Existentialists only.
Answer: C
Explanation: Both Existentialists and Idealists are concerned with understanding the nature of existence and being.

179. Which of the following philosophies held that ‘Men in the world feel lonely and anxious, being unsure of their meaning and fearful of their annihilation’?

a. Existentialism
b. Idealism
c. Marxism
d. Pragmatism.
Answer: A
Explanation: Existentialism focuses on the individual’s experience of loneliness, anxiety, and the search for meaning.

180. According to Existentialists, the essence of existence means?

a. Unity with the ultimate reality.
b. Spiritual good and happiness.
c. Tensions and contradictions which condition loneliness and anxiety.
d. Continuous growth and development.
Answer: C
Explanation: Existentialists believe that existence is characterized by internal conflicts and the struggle to find meaning.

181. Who was the nineteenth-century founder of Existentialism?

a. Hegel
b. Soren Kierkegaard
c. Rousseau
d. D.J. O’Connor.
Answer: B
Explanation: Soren Kierkegaard is considered the father of Existentialism, emphasizing individual existence and subjective experience.

182. Who was a twentieth-century Existentialist?

a. Soren Kierkegaard
b. D.J. O’Connor
c. Jean Paul Sartre
d. Hegel.
Answer: C
Explanation: Jean Paul Sartre was a prominent twentieth-century Existentialist who expanded on Kierkegaard's ideas.

183. Which of the following is more generally acceptable by modern educationists?

a. There should be one single aim of education unchangeable over time and space
b. There is one grand objective of education; and that is the development of the inner nature of the child
c. Contribution to the welfare of the society should be the only aim of education
d. Education is bound to have several aims since its concerns are several such as the individual, the society, the family, the nation, and so on.
Answer: D
Explanation: Modern educationists recognize that education serves multiple aims, including individual, social, and national development.

184. What is the development of human potentialities in education?

a. Individual aim
b. Social aim
c. Individual as well as social aim
d. Specific aim.
Answer: A
Explanation: Developing human potentialities is primarily an individual aim of education, focusing on personal growth and self-realization.

185. What is the development of social sense and cooperation among the individuals through education?

a. Individual aim
b. Social aim
c. National aim
d. Constitutional aim.
Answer: B
Explanation: Fostering social sense and cooperation is a social aim of education, emphasizing collective well-being.

186. Which among the following is not an acceptable criticism of social aims of education?

a. They are anti-individual
b. They are un-psychological as they do not take into account the capacities and interests of the individual
c. They hinder the growth and development of art and literature
d. Man, in them, becomes only a means to an end.
Answer: A
Explanation: Social aims of education are not inherently anti-individual; they aim to balance individual and societal needs.

187. Which among the following is not emphasized by the individual aims of education?

a. Individual freedom
b. Self-expression
c. Development of inner potentialities.
d. Development of values of tolerance and non-violence.
Answer: D
Explanation: Tolerance and non-violence are more aligned with social aims than individual aims of education.

188. Which of the following statements does not go in favor of the individual aims of education?

a. The individual is an asset to the society; his development and growth are necessary
b. The society is strong if the individual is strong
c. Every individual is unique; development of his potentialities is essential
d. Society is supreme and all individuals are only parts of it.
Answer: D
Explanation: This statement aligns with social aims, not individual aims, which prioritize personal growth over societal supremacy.

189. Which among the following is the most correct view about social and individual aims of education?

a. Individual aims should be given preference to social aims
b. Social aims should be preferred to individual aims
c. Individual aims are implied in the social aims of education
d. Individual and social aims are only two sides of the same coin.
Answer: D
Explanation: Individual and social aims are complementary and cannot be separated; both are essential for holistic education.

190. Which statement is most acceptable to the academicians about “Bread and butter aim” of education?

a. It is the most important aim and should be given top priority by educationists
b. It is equally important along with other aims of education
c. It is only partly acceptable
d. It is important for only a section of the society.
Answer: C
Explanation: While vocational education is important, it should be balanced with other educational aims like moral and intellectual development.

191. Which of the following does not pertain to intellectual development aim of education?

a. Cultivation of intelligence
b. Spiritual development
c. Development of cognitive powers
d. Training and “formation” of mind.
Answer: B
Explanation: Spiritual development is more aligned with moral or religious education, not intellectual development.

192. Preparing the child for future life as an aim of education is preparing the child for?

a. Some suitable vocation.
b. Some particular course of study.
c. Facing all kinds of emergencies and situations of future life.
d. A happy married life.
Answer: C
Explanation: Education should equip children to handle various challenges and situations in life, not just vocational or academic pursuits.

193. The most effective method of character formation is?

a. Teaching virtues through religious books.
b. Organizing specialists’ lectures on the importance of values in life.
c. Teaching by high-character teachers.
d. Rewarding virtuous behaviors and presenting high-character models in the schools.
Answer: D
Explanation: Positive reinforcement and role modeling are effective strategies for character formation.

194. Harmonious development of the child aim of education means?

a. Development of all the qualities of the mind to the maximum possible extent.
b. Development of a sound mind in a sound body.
c. Development of physical, mental, moral, and spiritual potentialities of the child in a balanced manner.
d. Development of the adjustment capacities of the child.
Answer: C
Explanation: Harmonious development involves balanced growth in physical, mental, moral, and spiritual aspects.

195. The social aims of education imply that?

a. The state is an idealized metaphysical entity.
b. The state is above the individual citizen.
c. The state is superior to the individual transcending all his desires and aspirations.
d. The state has to give, not to take anything from the individual.
Answer: D
Explanation: Social aims of education emphasize the state's role in providing opportunities for individual and collective growth.

196. A rigid system of state education is justified on the basis that the state?

a. Is supreme to dictate what shall be taught and how shall be taught.
b. Has absolute control over the lives and destinies of its individual members.
c. Has a right and a bounden duty to mold the citizen to a pattern which makes for its own preservation and enhancement.
d. Has better resources to manage education.
Answer: C
Explanation: The state justifies rigid educational systems to shape citizens in ways that benefit societal stability and progress.

197. Social aims of education imply the training of?

a. The individuals for the purpose of serving the needs of the society.
b. Individuals according to their needs.
c. The individuals according to their capacities.
d. The individuals according to the facilities.
Answer: A
Explanation: Social aims focus on preparing individuals to contribute to societal needs and well-being.

198. What does the individual aim of education imply?

a. Education must secure for everyone the conditions under which the individuality is most completely developed
b. It must contribute to the peace and happiness of the whole society
c. It should have more and more institutions every year
d. It should be by and large the concern of the private sector.
Answer: A
Explanation: The individual aim emphasizes creating conditions for the fullest development of each person's unique potential.

199. According to which philosophy of education, childhood is something desirable for its own sake and children should be children?

a. Idealism
b. Pragmatism
c. Naturalism
d. Realism.
Answer: C
Explanation: Naturalism values childhood as a distinct and important stage of life, emphasizing natural growth and development.

200. Who emphasized that education should be a social process?

a. Vivekananda
b. Rousseau
c. Dewey
d. Pestalozzi
Answer: C
Explanation: John Dewey emphasized that education is a social process, integral to the development of both individuals and society.

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